The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Poverty, agrarian distress, and lack of infrastructure are all push factors that drive migration out of certain areas of Tamil Nadu.
Poverty is a major push factor for migration. People who are poor may not have enough money to meet their basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. They may also not have access to education or healthcare. As a result, they may decide to migrate to other areas in search of better opportunities.
Agrarian distress is another major push factor for migration. Agrarian distress refers to the economic hardship faced by farmers. Farmers may face low crop prices, high input costs, and natural disasters. As a result, they may not be able to make a living from farming. They may then decide to migrate to other areas in search of better opportunities.
Lack of infrastructure is another major push factor for migration. Infrastructure refers to the basic facilities and services that are necessary for a community to function, such as roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, and electricity. When a community lacks infrastructure, it can be difficult for people to live and work there. As a result, they may decide to migrate to other areas in search of better opportunities.
In addition to these push factors, there are also pull factors that attract people to migrate to certain areas. Pull factors include things like better job opportunities, higher wages, and a better quality of life.