The correct answer is: a) Ancient metamorphic rocks.
Punjab’s geological structure is primarily composed of ancient metamorphic rocks. These rocks were formed when the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates collided millions of years ago. The collision caused the rocks to be folded and faulted, and they were also subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This process of metamorphism changed the original composition of the rocks, making them harder and more resistant to erosion.
The ancient metamorphic rocks in Punjab are found in the Sivalik Hills, which are a mountain range that runs along the northern edge of the state. The Sivalik Hills are made up of a variety of metamorphic rocks, including gneiss, schist, and marble. These rocks are important because they provide a source of building materials and minerals.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the geological structure of Punjab. Recent sedimentary deposits are not a major component of the state’s geology. Volcanic formations are also not found in Punjab. Intrusive igneous rocks are found in the state, but they are not as common as metamorphic rocks.