Punjab was significantly affected by the Partition of India in 1947, leading to:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

Punjab was significantly affected by the Partition of India in 1947, leading to large-scale communal violence and migration, economic disruption, and political instability.

• Large-scale communal violence and migration: The Partition of India was a violent event that led to the deaths of millions of people. In Punjab, the violence was particularly intense, as the province was divided between India and Pakistan along religious lines. Millions of people were displaced from their homes, and many were killed in the violence.
• Economic disruption: The Partition of India also had a devastating impact on the economy of Punjab. The province was a major agricultural producer, but the violence and displacement disrupted the economy and led to widespread poverty.
• Political instability: The Partition of India also led to political instability in Punjab. The province was divided between two new countries, India and Pakistan, and the border between the two countries was disputed. This led to tensions between the two countries, which sometimes erupted into violence.

The Partition of India was a traumatic event that had a profound impact on Punjab. The province continues to deal with the legacy of the Partition today.