The correct answer is: c) Alluvial soil.
Alluvial soil is a type of soil that is formed by the deposition of sediment from rivers and streams. It is a very fertile soil and is ideal for growing crops. Punjab experiences alluvial soil primarily because it is located in the Indo-Gangetic plain, which is a vast alluvial plain that is formed by the Indus and Ganges rivers.
Black soil is a type of soil that is rich in organic matter and is dark in color. It is found in the Deccan Plateau of India. Red soil is a type of soil that is rich in iron oxide and is red in color. It is found in the central and southern parts of India. Laterite soil is a type of soil that is formed in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a very poor soil and is not suitable for growing crops.
Here is a table that summarizes the characteristics of each type of soil:
| Soil type | Characteristics |
|—|—|
| Alluvial soil | Fertile, formed by the deposition of sediment from rivers and streams |
| Black soil | Rich in organic matter, dark in color |
| Red soil | Rich in iron oxide, red in color |
| Laterite soil | Poor, formed in tropical and subtropical regions |