The correct answer is A. Organization.
Organization is the process of dividing work into smaller tasks and assigning them to individuals or groups. It is essential for the effective functioning of any organization, as it allows for the efficient use of resources and the coordination of activities.
Authority is the power to give orders and expect them to be obeyed. It is essential for the effective functioning of any organization, as it allows for the coordination of activities and the achievement of goals.
The other options are not as closely related to authority as organization. Departmentation is the process of grouping tasks into departments or units. Centralization is the concentration of authority in
the hands of a few people. Span of management is the number of subordinates that a manager can effectively supervise. Operations research is the application of scientific methods to the study of operations in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness.In conclusion, the correct answer is A. Organization.