Pneumatophores are specialized structures for:
maintaining turgor pressure in cells.
providing physical support to plants in marshy lands.
oxygen inhalation by plants.
carbon dioxide release during photosynthesis.
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UPSC Geoscientist – 2020
– They possess pores (lenticels) on their surface that allow for gas exchange.
– They contain spongy tissue (aerenchyma) that stores and transports air to the submerged roots.
– They are an adaptation to anaerobic conditions where oxygen is scarce in the soil due to waterlogging.
– Other specialized root structures in mangroves include prop roots and buttress roots, which provide physical support, but pneumatophores are specifically for gas exchange.