The correct answer is: A. top management
Planning is the first of the four functions of management, which are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning is the process of setting goals and objectives, and developing strategies to achieve those goals. It is the foundation of all other management functions, and it is essential for the success of any organization.
Top management is responsible for the overall planning of the organization. They set the long-term goals and objectives, and they develop the strategies to achieve those goals. They also monitor the progress of the organization and make adjustments to the plans as needed.
Middle management is responsible for the day-to-day planning of the organization. They develop the short-term plans that are needed to implement the long-term plans of top management. They also monitor the progress of the organization and make adjustments to the plans as needed.
Lower management is responsible for the implementation of the plans developed by top and middle management. They are responsible for carrying out the day-to-day operations of the organization.
While all levels of management are involved in planning, top management is primarily responsible for the planning function. This is because top management has the overall responsibility for the organization and its success. They are the ones who set the long-term goals and objectives, and they develop the strategies to achieve those goals. They also monitor the progress of the organization and make adjustments to the plans as needed.
Middle management is responsible for the day-to-day planning of the organization. They develop the short-term plans that are needed to implement the long-term plans of top management. They also monitor the progress of the organization and make adjustments to the plans as needed.
Lower management is responsible for the implementation of the plans developed by top and middle management. They are responsible for carrying out the day-to-day operations of the organization.