‘Pingos’ are associated with which one of the following process?

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‘Pingos’ are associated with which one of the following process?

Glacial
Peri-glacial
Aeolian
Fluvial
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2022
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The correct answer is B) Peri-glacial.
Pingos are large, ice-cored hills or mounds found in periglacial environments. They are formed when water beneath a layer of permafrost is confined and subjected to freezing, causing the water to expand and push up the overlying sediment into a dome shape. Periglacial refers to conditions or processes occurring in areas adjacent to glacial ice sheets or in regions of permafrost, involving repeated freezing and thawing.
Glacial processes involve the action of glaciers and ice sheets. Aeolian processes relate to the action of wind. Fluvial processes relate to the action of rivers or streams. Pingos are distinct geomorphological features formed specifically by the unique interactions of water and ice in permanently frozen ground conditions, characteristic of periglacial landscapes.

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