The correct answer is D. all of these.
The Indore method of composting is a two-stage process that involves decomposition under aerobic conditions. The first stage is the active decomposition stage, in which the organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. The second stage is the maturation stage, in which the organic matter is further broken down and stabilized.
The Bangalore method of composting is a single-stage process that involves decomposition under anaerobic conditions. The organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.
Fully stabilised refuse by the Bangalore method of compositing is a powdery mass called humus. Humus is a dark, crumbly substance that is rich in nutrients. It can be used as a soil amendment or fertilizer.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each option:
- Option A: Indore method of composting involves decomposition under aerobic conditions. This is true. The Indore method is a two-stage process that involves decomposition under aerobic conditions. The first stage is the active decomposition stage, in which the organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. The second stage is the maturation stage, in which the organic matter is further broken down and stabilized.
- Option B: Bangalore method of composting involves decomposing under anaerobic conditions. This is also true. The Bangalore method is a single-stage process that involves decomposition under anaerobic conditions. The organic matter is broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen.
- Option C: Fully stabilised refuse by the Bangalore method of compositing is a powdery mass called humus. This is also true. Fully stabilised refuse by the Bangalore method of composting is a powdery mass called humus. Humus is a dark, crumbly substance that is rich in nutrients. It can be used as a soil amendment or fertilizer.
- Option D: all of these. This is the correct answer because all of the options are true. The Indore method of composting involves decomposition under aerobic conditions, the Bangalore method of composting involves decomposition under anaerobic conditions, and fully stabilised refuse by the Bangalore method of composting is a powdery mass called humus.