The correct answer is C. scrap.
Scrap is a term used to describe partial or completed units of manufactured goods that do not meet customer specifications and are either sold at a reduced price or discarded. Scrap can be caused by a variety of factors, such as defects in the manufacturing process, material shortages, or changes in customer requirements.
Scrap can have a significant impact on a company’s bottom line. The cost of scrap can include the cost of the materials used to produce the goods, the cost of labor to produce the goods, and the cost of disposing of the scrap. In addition, scrap can lead to lost sales if customers are not satisfied with the quality of the goods.
There are a number of ways to reduce scrap. One way is to improve the quality of the manufacturing process. This can be done by implementing quality control measures, such as inspecting goods at various stages of production. Another way to reduce scrap is to use better materials. This can be done by selecting materials that are less likely to be defective. Finally, companies can reduce scrap by working with their customers to understand their requirements and to design products that are more likely to meet those requirements.
Rework is the process of repairing or modifying defective goods so that they meet customer specifications. Rework can be a costly process, as it requires additional labor and materials. However, rework can be less expensive than scrapping defective goods, and it can also help to improve customer satisfaction.
Equivalence is a term used to describe the condition of two or more things being equal or the same. In the context of manufacturing, equivalence can refer to the condition of two or more products being identical in terms of quality, performance, and other characteristics. Equivalence is important in manufacturing because it ensures that customers receive products that meet their expectations.