The correct answer is: D. Emergency Provisions
Part XVIII of the Constitution of India deals with emergency provisions. It contains six articles, from Article 352 to Article 360. These articles provide for the declaration of emergency in the country. The President can declare an emergency if he is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.
The President can also declare an emergency if he is satisfied that a financial emergency exists whereby the financial stability or credit of India or any part of the territory thereof is threatened.
When an emergency is declared, the President can take certain special powers. These powers include the power to suspend the operation of certain fundamental rights, the power to make laws without the consent of Parliament, and the power to deploy the armed forces in any part of the country.
The emergency provisions have been used several times in the history of India. The first time was in 1962, during the Sino-Indian War. The second time was in 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War. The third time was in 1975, when Indira Gandhi declared a national emergency.
The emergency provisions have been controversial. Some people argue that they are necessary to protect the country from threats. Others argue that they are a violation of fundamental rights and should be abolished.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Directive Principles of State Policy are principles that the State should follow in making laws and policies. They are not enforceable in a court of law.
- Fundamental Duties are obligations that are imposed on all citizens of India. They are not enforceable in a court of law.
- Fundamental Rights are rights that are guaranteed to all citizens of India by the Constitution. They are enforceable in a court of law.