P, Q and R are equal partners with fixed capitals of Rs. 5,00,000, Rs. 4,00,000 and Rs. 3,00,000, respectively. After closing the accounts for the year ending 31st March 2019, it was discovered that the interest on capitals was provided @ 7% per annum instead of 9% per annum. In the adjusting entry

P will be credited with Rs. 2,000 and Q will be debited with Rs. 2,000
P will be debited with Rs. 2,000 and Q will be credited with Rs. 2,000
P will be debited with Rs. 2,000 and R will be credited with Rs. 2,000
P will be credited with Rs. 2,000 and R will be debited with Rs. 2,000

The correct answer is: A. P will be credited with Rs. 2,000 and Q will be debited with Rs. 2,000

The interest on capitals for the year ending 31st March 2019 should have been:

P = 5,00,000 * 9% * 12/100 = Rs. 45,000
Q = 4,00,000 * 9% * 12/100 = Rs. 36,000
R = 3,00,000 * 9% * 12/100 = Rs. 27,000

However, the interest on capitals was only provided @ 7% per annum, which means that P, Q and R were each underpaid by Rs. 2,000.

The adjusting entry to correct this error would be:

Interest on Capitals A/c Dr. 6,000
To P’s Capital A/c 2,000
To Q’s Capital A/c 2,000
To R’s Capital A/c 2,000

This entry would credit P’s Capital A/c with Rs. 2,000 and debit Q’s Capital A/c with Rs. 2,000.

The reason for this is that P is entitled to a higher amount of interest than Q, because he has a higher capital. The interest on capitals is a charge on profits, and so it is allocated to the partners in proportion to their capitals.