The correct answer is b) Desertification.
Overgrazing is the permanent removal of vegetation by grazing animals. This can lead to a number of problems, including:
- Soil erosion: When plants are removed, the soil is exposed to wind and water erosion. This can lead to the loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil.
- Loss of biodiversity: Overgrazing can lead to the loss of plant and animal species. This is because the removal of plants can make it difficult for animals to find food and shelter.
- Desertification: Overgrazing can lead to desertification, which is the process of turning land into desert. This is because the removal of plants can make the land more susceptible to drought and erosion.
Option a) Increased plant growth is incorrect because overgrazing actually leads to a decrease in plant growth. This is because the removal of plants can make it difficult for new plants to grow.
Option c) Soil fertility is incorrect because overgrazing can lead to a decrease in soil fertility. This is because the removal of plants can make the soil more susceptible to erosion and nutrient loss.
Option d) Reforestation is incorrect because overgrazing can lead to a decrease in forest cover. This is because the removal of plants can make it difficult for new trees to grow.