The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Pithapuram, Venkatagiri, and Nuzvid were all notable feudatory states in Coastal Andhra. They were all ruled by Hindu dynasties, and they all played an important role in the history of the region.
Pithapuram was ruled by the Pithapuram Rajas, who were a branch of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. The Pithapuram Rajas were patrons of art and literature, and they built many temples and other monuments in their kingdom.
Venkatagiri was ruled by the Venkatagiri Nayaks, who were a branch of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Venkatagiri Nayaks were also patrons of art and literature, and they built many temples and other monuments in their kingdom.
Nuzvid was ruled by the Nuzvid Rajas, who were a branch of the Reddy dynasty. The Nuzvid Rajas were also patrons of art and literature, and they built many temples and other monuments in their kingdom.
All three of these feudatory states were eventually conquered by the Mughal Empire, but they left a lasting legacy on the history and culture of Coastal Andhra.