The correct answer is: All of the above.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI is used to measure a country’s achievements in terms of health, education, and income.
However, the HDI has been criticized for not fully capturing other important aspects of human development, such as environmental sustainability, inequality within a country, and subjective well-being and happiness.
- Environmental sustainability is the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The HDI does not take into account a country’s environmental sustainability, which is an important factor in human development.
- Inequality within a country is the unequal distribution of wealth and income among the population. The HDI does not take into account a country’s level of inequality, which can have a significant impact on human development.
- Subjective well-being and happiness are two important aspects of human development that are not captured by the HDI. Subjective well-being is a person’s overall sense of satisfaction with their life, while happiness is a more fleeting emotion. Both subjective well-being and happiness are important for human development, but they are not captured by the HDI.
In conclusion, the HDI is a useful tool for measuring human development, but it has some limitations. It does not fully capture important aspects of human development, such as environmental sustainability, inequality within a country, and subjective well-being and happiness.