On which layer of the OSI model does a ‘repeater’ operate?

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On which layer of the OSI model does a ‘repeater’ operate?

Physical
Data link
Network
Presentation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
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The correct answer is A) Physical. A repeater is a network device that operates at the Physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model. Its function is to receive a signal, regenerate or amplify it to its original strength, and then retransmit it, extending the range of the network segment. It does not interpret data packets or frames; it simply deals with the electrical or optical signals.
Repeaters work at the Physical layer, dealing with the raw signal transmission medium and regenerating signals to overcome attenuation.
Other devices operating at the Physical layer include hubs and cabling. Devices like switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2), routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3), and gateways can operate at multiple layers, often including the upper layers.

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