The correct answer is D. Presence of identical elements.
Transference is the process of applying knowledge or skills learned in one situation to another situation. It is a key component of learning and is essential for success in school, work, and life.
The presence of identical elements is one of the most important factors in determining the amount of transference that occurs in learning. When there are identical elements between two situations, it is easier to transfer knowledge and skills from one situation to the other. For example, if you have learned how to ride a bike, you will be able to transfer that knowledge to riding a scooter, because both activities involve balancing on two wheels.
The other options are not as important in determining the amount of transference that occurs in learning. The IQ of the teacher is not a major factor, as long as the teacher is able to provide clear instruction and support. The knowledge of the teacher is important, but it is not as important as the presence of identical elements. The use of appropriate elements can help to facilitate transference, but it is not a necessary condition.
In conclusion, the presence of identical elements is the most important factor in determining the amount of transference that occurs in learning. When there are identical elements between two situations, it is easier to transfer knowledge and skills from one situation to the other.