The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Non-tax revenue is a type of government revenue that is not derived from taxes. It includes income from a variety of sources, such as state-run enterprises, royalties on minerals, fees and fines.
State-run enterprises are businesses that are owned and operated by the government. They can generate revenue through a variety of means, such as selling goods and services, charging fees, and receiving subsidies from the government.
Royalties are payments that are made to the government by companies that extract minerals from the country’s land. The amount of royalties that are paid is typically based on the value of the minerals that are extracted.
Fees and fines are payments that are made to the government in exchange for certain services or as punishment for breaking the law. Fees can be charged for a variety of services, such as registering a vehicle or obtaining a business license. Fines are typically imposed for offenses such as speeding or littering.
Non-tax revenue is an important source of income for governments around the world. It can be used to fund a variety of government programs and services, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.