The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Newspapers and magazines played a crucial role during the Indian freedom struggle, the Anti-Hindi agitations, and the Dravidian movement.
During the Indian freedom struggle, newspapers and magazines were used to spread news and information about the movement, to raise awareness of the issues at stake, and to mobilize support for the cause. They also provided a platform for debate and discussion, and helped to build a sense of national unity.
The Anti-Hindi agitations were a series of protests that took place in the southern states of India in the 1960s and 1970s. The protesters were opposed to the imposition of Hindi as the national language of India, and they used newspapers and magazines to spread their message and to mobilize support.
The Dravidian movement was a social and political movement that emerged in the southern states of India in the early 20th century. The movement was led by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, who campaigned for social reform, including the emancipation of women and the upliftment of the lower castes. Newspapers and magazines played a key role in the Dravidian movement, as they were used to spread Periyar’s message and to mobilize support for the movement.