Net movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through

Net movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane is called

Diffusion
Dispersion
Osmosis
Absorption
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2019
The description “Net movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a selectively permeable membrane” is the definition of osmosis.
A) Diffusion is the net movement of particles (solute or solvent) from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration, which can occur with or without a membrane. It is driven by a concentration gradient.
B) Dispersion refers to the spreading out of particles or substances.
C) Osmosis is specifically the movement of solvent (usually water) across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential (dilute solution, lower solute concentration) to an area of lower water potential (concentrated solution, higher solute concentration). This movement occurs down the water potential gradient and fits the description perfectly.
D) Absorption is the process by which one substance is taken into another, either physically or chemically. While osmosis results in the absorption of water by the concentrated solution, “osmosis” is the specific term for the described process of water movement across a membrane due to concentration differences.
– Osmosis is the movement of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane.
– Water moves from a region of higher water concentration (dilute solution) to lower water concentration (concentrated solution).
– Diffusion is the general movement of particles from high to low concentration.
A selectively permeable (or semi-permeable) membrane allows certain molecules or ions to pass through by diffusion, and occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion involving the solvent.
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