Natural gas is a mixture of gases and contains mainly

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methane and higher hydro-carbons

butane and isobutene

methane only

methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide

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UPSC CAPF – 2013

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Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture. The primary component of natural gas is methane (CH₄), which is the simplest hydrocarbon molecule. However, natural gas is typically not pure methane. It also contains varying amounts of other, heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), butane (C₄H₁₀), and pentane (C₅H₁₂), commonly referred to as higher hydrocarbons or natural gas liquids (NGLs). In addition to hydrocarbons, natural gas can contain non-hydrocarbon gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and trace amounts of other gases like helium. The question asks for the main components. While methane is the most abundant component, “methane and higher hydro-carbons” accurately describes the primary composition.

Natural gas is a mixture, predominantly methane, but also containing other light hydrocarbons.

The exact composition of natural gas varies depending on the source (gas field). Raw natural gas must be processed to remove impurities and heavier hydrocarbons before it can be distributed and used as fuel. The higher hydrocarbons are often separated and sold as valuable byproducts (NGLs).

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