Muscle fatigue is due to the accumulation of:

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Cholesterol

Lactic acid

Lipoic acid

Triglycerides

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2015

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Muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise is primarily associated with the accumulation of lactic acid.

When muscles undergo intense activity with insufficient oxygen supply (anaerobic respiration), glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactic acid. The build-up of lactic acid in muscle tissue lowers pH and interferes with muscle contraction mechanisms, leading to a burning sensation and fatigue.

While other factors like depletion of energy stores (ATP, glycogen), ion imbalances, and central nervous system fatigue also contribute to overall fatigue, lactic acid accumulation is a significant factor in muscle fatigue during anaerobic work. Cholesterol and triglycerides are types of fats, and lipoic acid is an antioxidant coenzyme; none of these are directly responsible for the acute fatigue caused by intense muscle exertion.

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