The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Punjab is a state in northern India that is known for its agricultural production. However, the state also has a high number of agricultural laborers who face many challenges, including low wages, debt bondage, and landlessness.
Minimum wages are the lowest amount of money that an employer is legally allowed to pay their employees. In Punjab, the minimum wage for agricultural laborers is 180 rupees per day. However, many laborers are paid less than this, and some are even paid as little as 50 rupees per day.
Debt bondage is a system in which a person is forced to work to pay off a debt. This can happen when a person borrows money from a moneylender and is unable to repay the loan. The moneylender then takes the person’s land or property as collateral, and the person is forced to work for the moneylender until the debt is repaid.
Landlessness is the condition of not owning any land. In Punjab, there are many agricultural laborers who do not own any land. This means that they have to work for other farmers in order to make a living. They are often paid very low wages and have little job security.
Movements advocating for the rights of agricultural laborers in Punjab address all of these concerns. They work to ensure that agricultural laborers are paid a fair wage, that they are not forced into debt bondage, and that they have access to land.