The correct answer is: A. Adam Smith.
Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who is considered the father of modern economics. He is best known for his book The Wealth of Nations, which was published in 1776. In this book, Smith argued that the wealth of a nation is not determined by the amount of gold and silver it possesses, but rather by the productivity of its people. He also argued that the free market is the best way to organize an economy, and that government intervention should be limited.
The statement “Money is the pivot around which the economic science clusters” is from Smith’s book The Wealth of Nations. In this book, Smith argues that money is essential for the functioning of an economy. He writes that “money is the great wheel of circulation, by means of which goods are bought and sold, and services rendered and received.” He also argues that money is a measure of value, and that it facilitates trade.
The other options are incorrect. Alfred Marshall was an English economist who is considered one of the founders of neoclassical economics. J. M. Keynes was an English economist who is considered one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. Koutilya was an Indian economist and philosopher who is considered the author of the Arthashastra, a treatise on economics and statecraft.