Modernization of railway infrastructure in Bihar, including electrification, can lead to:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Modernization of railway infrastructure in Bihar, including electrification, can lead to faster travel times, increased capacity, and reduced environmental impact.

• Faster travel times: Electrification can lead to faster travel times by reducing the need for frequent stops to take on water and coal. It can also lead to faster acceleration and deceleration, which can improve journey times.
• Increased capacity: Electrification can lead to increased capacity by allowing trains to run more frequently and at higher speeds. It can also allow for heavier trains, which can carry more passengers or freight.
• Reduced environmental impact: Electrification can lead to reduced environmental impact by reducing emissions from diesel locomotives. It can also reduce noise pollution and improve air quality.

In addition, modernization of railway infrastructure can also lead to other benefits, such as improved safety, increased comfort, and reduced costs.