The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Mining activities can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and soil erosion.
Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture, mining, or development. This can lead to a loss of biodiversity, as well as an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies with harmful substances, such as chemicals, sewage, or industrial waste. This can make the water unsafe for drinking, bathing, or fishing.
Soil erosion is the removal of soil from the land by wind or water. This can lead to a loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil.
Mining activities can also have a number of social and economic impacts, such as displacement of people, loss of livelihoods, and increased crime.
It is important to carefully consider the potential environmental and social impacts of mining activities before they are undertaken.