The correct answer is A. Mercury.
Minamata disease is a neurological disorder caused by mercury poisoning. It was first identified in Minamata, Japan, in 1956, after people who ate fish from Minamata Bay began to show symptoms of the disease. The disease is caused by methylmercury, a form of mercury that is easily absorbed by the body. Methylmercury can enter the body through the consumption of contaminated fish or shellfish, or through inhalation of mercury vapor.
Once in the body, methylmercury is quickly distributed to the brain, where it accumulates. This can cause a variety of neurological problems, including tremors, numbness, weakness, and vision problems. In severe cases, Minamata disease can lead to death.
The pollution of Minamata Bay with mercury was caused by the Chisso Corporation, a chemical factory that discharged mercury waste into the bay for over 30 years. The Chisso Corporation was eventually found guilty of negligence and ordered to pay compensation to the victims of Minamata disease.
Lead, tin, and methyl isocyanate are all toxic substances, but they are not known to cause Minamata disease. Lead poisoning can cause a variety of neurological problems, including learning disabilities, memory problems, and seizures. Tin poisoning can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Methyl isocyanate is a highly toxic gas that can cause respiratory problems, skin burns, and death.
Minamata disease is a serious and preventable disease. It is important to be aware of the risks of mercury poisoning and to take steps to protect yourself and your family.