The correct answer is: a) Brain drain.
Brain drain is the emigration of a large number of skilled professionals from a country, typically due to political instability, economic hardship, or lack of opportunities. It can have a significant negative impact on the country’s economy and development.
Labor migration is the movement of people from one country to another in search of employment. It can be voluntary or forced, and it can be short-term or long-term. Labor migration can have a positive or negative impact on the countries involved.
Forced migration is the movement of people from one place to another due to war, persecution, or natural disaster. It is often involuntary and can have a devastating impact on the lives of those who are forced to flee.
Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. It is often driven by a desire for better job opportunities and education. Rural-urban migration can have a positive or negative impact on the countries involved.
In the case of Tamil Nadu, the migration of skilled professionals to other countries for employment is known as brain drain. This is because the professionals who are leaving are highly skilled and educated, and their loss can have a significant negative impact on the state’s economy and development.