Meteorology is the study of:

The correct answer is C. The atmosphere.

Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, which is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere is important because it protects us from the sun’s harmful rays, it helps to regulate the Earth’s temperature, and it provides us with the air we breathe.

Option A is incorrect because landforms are the physical features of the Earth’s surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plains.

Option B is incorrect because the oceans are the large bodies of water that cover most of the Earth’s surface.

Option D is incorrect because outer space is the region beyond the Earth’s atmosphere.

Option E is incorrect because extraterrestrial meteoroids are objects from space that enter the Earth’s atmosphere.