"Membrane Bioreactors" are often discussed in the context of which one

“Membrane Bioreactors” are often discussed in the context of which one of the following ?

Assisted reproductive technologies

Drug delivery nanotechnologies

Vaccine production technologies

Wastewater treatment technologies

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UPSC IAS – 2024

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Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) are a technology used extensively in wastewater treatment. An MBR system combines a biological treatment process (such as activated sludge) with a membrane filtration step. The membranes are used to separate treated water from the activated sludge, effectively replacing the secondary clarifier and tertiary filtration found in conventional wastewater treatment plants. This allows for a higher concentration of biomass in the biological reactor, leading to more efficient treatment and producing high-quality effluent.

MBRs integrate biological treatment with membrane filtration for improved separation and treatment efficiency in wastewater management.

MBRs are particularly useful for treating municipal and industrial wastewater where space is limited, or high effluent quality is required, such as for water reuse applications. They offer advantages like smaller footprint, better effluent quality, and reduced sludge production compared to conventional systems.

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