Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List-I
(System/Category)
List-II
(Description)
A. Upari1. Peasants directly responsible for the payment of revenue
B. Pattadar2. Category of tenancy tenure held under the Marathas
C. Mirasidar3. Gifts of land or land revenue
D. Inam lands4. Co-parcenary title holder and designated revenue payer in southern India
2 1 4 3
2 4 1 3
3 4 1 2
3 1 4 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
The correct matching is A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.
– **A. Upari:** This term refers to a class of temporary tenants or cultivators, particularly prevalent in the Maratha region and under Maratha rule, who cultivated land that did not belong to them permanently. They held a category of tenancy tenure. This matches with List-II Description 2 (Category of tenancy tenure held under the Marathas).
– **B. Pattadar:** A Pattadar is a landholder who possesses a ‘patta’, a document issued by the government acknowledging ownership or occupancy rights and often specifying the land revenue to be paid. Pattadars were directly responsible for paying revenue on the land recorded in their name. This matches with List-II Description 1 (Peasants directly responsible for the payment of revenue).
– **C. Mirasidar:** Mirasidars were a class of hereditary proprietors or co-parceners of village land in southern India, particularly in the Tamil country, during the pre-British and early British periods. They held traditional rights in the village lands and were collectively or individually responsible for paying the land revenue. This matches with List-II Description 4 (Co-parcenary title holder and designated revenue payer in southern India).
– **D. Inam lands:** Inam refers to a grant of land or land revenue, often made by rulers as a reward or for services, to individuals, religious institutions, or service holders. These lands were often exempted from or assessed at a reduced rate of land tax. This matches with List-II Description 3 (Gifts of land or land revenue).
These terms represent different categories of landholding, tenure, and revenue responsibility that existed in various parts of India before and during the British colonial period. The British surveyed and categorized these systems, often implementing reforms like the Ryotwari system (where revenue was collected directly from the cultivators/ryots, many of whom became Pattadars or existing Mirasidars) or modifying existing arrangements.