The correct answer is: D. a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3
Fiscal policy is a government’s use of taxation and spending to influence the economy. It is one of the two main tools of macroeconomic policy, along with monetary policy. Fiscal policy can be used to stimulate the economy during a recession, or to restrain it during an inflationary period.
Technology policy is a government’s plan for promoting technological development. It can include measures such as funding research and development, providing tax breaks for businesses that invest in new technologies, and regulating the development and use of new technologies.
Macroeconomic policy is a government’s plan for managing the overall economy. It includes policies such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, and exchange rate policy. The goal of macroeconomic policy is to achieve economic stability and growth.
Balance of payment is a country’s record of all economic transactions with other countries over a period of time. It includes exports, imports, income from investments, and payments for imports. The balance of payment is important because it can affect a country’s exchange rate and its ability to borrow money.
Inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. It is usually measured as an annual percentage rate. Inflation can be caused by a number of factors, including an increase in the money supply, an increase in demand, or a decrease in supply.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option A: a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4. This option is incorrect because it matches fiscal policy with mitigation of national hazards. Fiscal policy is a government’s use of taxation and spending to influence the economy, while mitigation of national hazards is a government’s plan for reducing the risk of natural disasters.
- Option B: a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4. This option is incorrect because it matches technology policy with balance of payment. Technology policy is a government’s plan for promoting technological development, while balance of payment is a country’s record of all economic transactions with other countries over a period of time.
- Option C: a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2. This option is incorrect because it matches inflation with fiscal federalism. Inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money, while fiscal federalism is a system of government in which power is shared between the central government and regional governments.
- Option D: a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3. This option is correct because it matches fiscal policy with taxation and spending, technology policy with research and development, macroeconomic policy with economic stability and growth, and balance of payment with a country’s record of all economic transactions with other countries over a period of time.