Many palaces and forts built by the rulers of princely states are now:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Many palaces and forts built by the rulers of princely states are now heritage sites and tourist attractions, government offices, and educational institutions.

• Heritage sites and tourist attractions: Many palaces and forts have been declared as heritage sites by the government and are now open to the public as tourist attractions. These sites offer a glimpse into the history and culture of the princely states.
• Government offices: Some palaces and forts are now used as government offices. For example, the Red Fort in Delhi is the seat of the Indian government.
• Educational institutions: Some palaces and forts have been converted into educational institutions. For example, the Jai Vilas Palace in Gwalior is now a museum and a school.

These palaces and forts are a valuable part of India’s heritage and are a popular tourist destination. They offer a glimpse into the history and culture of the country.