The correct answer is a) Storm surges.
Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in saline water along the coasts of tropical and subtropical regions. They have a number of adaptations that allow them to survive in these harsh conditions, including a thick, waxy coating on their leaves that helps to prevent water loss, and a root system that helps them to anchor themselves in the mud and sand.
Mangroves play an important role in protecting coastlines from erosion and storm surges. Their roots help to trap sediment and prevent it from being washed away by waves and currents. During storms, mangroves can absorb the energy of waves, reducing the impact of storm surges on coastal communities.
In addition, mangroves provide a habitat for a variety of marine life, including fish, shrimp, and crabs. They also help to filter water and improve water quality.
Mangroves are an important part of the coastal ecosystem, and they provide a number of benefits to humans. However, mangrove forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate due to human activities such as logging, development, and pollution. It is important to protect mangrove forests so that they can continue to provide these important benefits.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option b) Droughts: Mangroves are adapted to live in saline water, and they are not as well-adapted to drought conditions. Droughts can cause mangroves to die, which can lead to erosion and other problems.
- Option c) Earthquakes: Mangroves are not as well-adapted to earthquakes as other types of trees. Earthquakes can cause mangroves to fall over, which can damage the mangrove forest and the coastline.
- Option d) Landslides: Mangroves can help to prevent landslides by anchoring the soil in place. However, landslides can still occur in areas with mangrove forests, especially if the soil is unstable.