Manganese is extracted by heating manganese dioxide with aluminium pow

Manganese is extracted by heating manganese dioxide with aluminium powder. Which one of the following statements with regard to the reaction is correct?

The reaction is exothermic.
The reaction is endothermic.
Manganese is produced as a solid.
Manganese is more reactive than aluminium.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
The reaction between manganese dioxide and aluminium powder is a type of thermite reaction. Thermite reactions are highly exothermic, releasing a significant amount of heat.
Thermite reactions involve the reduction of a metal oxide by a more reactive metal (typically aluminium). The general form is Metal Oxide A + Metal B β†’ Metal A + Oxide of Metal B, where Metal B is more reactive than Metal A. These reactions are characterized by their high exothermicity, often producing molten metal.
In this specific reaction, Al is more reactive than Mn, displacing it from MnO2. The equation is 3MnOβ‚‚ + 4Al β†’ 2Alβ‚‚O₃ + 3Mn + Heat. While Manganese is indeed produced as a solid at room temperature, during the reaction itself, the high temperature can cause the product metal (depending on its melting point and the reaction’s heat) to be in a molten state. However, the statement that the reaction is exothermic is a fundamental property of this reaction type.