Mahatma Gandhi's Hind Swaraj is essentially

Mahatma Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj is essentially

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a critique of Western modernity

an outline of his philosophy of Satyagraha

an invocation to Indians to free themselves from the British

a blueprint of Gram Swaraj

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2015

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Mahatma Gandhi’s book ‘Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule’, published in 1909, is a foundational text that outlines his philosophical critique of Western civilization and modern industrial society. Gandhi argues that Western modernity, characterized by industrialization, materialism, and complex institutions like railways, lawyers, and doctors, is inherently exploitative and morally corrupting. He contrasts this with his vision of true Swaraj, which he defines not just as political independence from British rule, but as self-rule or control over one’s own mind and desires, leading to a spiritually and morally uplifted society. While it touches upon Satyagraha and freedom from the British, the core essence is a deep critique of the modern Western way of life and its impacts.

Hind Swaraj presents Gandhi’s fundamental disapproval of modern Western civilization, viewing it as a ‘disease’ that India should not adopt. His vision of Swaraj is intertwined with this critique, advocating for a simple, ethical, and self-reliant society.

The book is structured as a dialogue between ‘The Reader’ (representing typical Indian nationalist views of the time, seeking Western-style self-government) and ‘The Editor’ (representing Gandhi’s views). This format allows Gandhi to systematically dismantle arguments in favour of adopting Western institutions and values.

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