Long-term migration from Madhya Pradesh is often driven by:

The correct answer is D) All of the above.

Long-term migration from Madhya Pradesh is often driven by a number of factors, including seeking better employment opportunities, education, and marriage.

• Seeking better employment opportunities: Madhya Pradesh is a state with a high rate of poverty and unemployment. Many people migrate to other states in search of better jobs.
• Education: Madhya Pradesh has a low literacy rate and poor educational infrastructure. Many people migrate to other states to get a better education for themselves and their children.
• Marriage: Marriage is another major reason for migration in Madhya Pradesh. Many people migrate to other states to marry someone from another community or caste.

In addition to these factors, there are a number of other reasons why people might migrate from Madhya Pradesh, such as natural disasters, political instability, and environmental degradation.