Limited availability of reliable power supply is a constraint for industrial development in Bihar impacting:

Production costs
Operational efficiency
Attractiveness to investors
All of the above

The correct answer is: d) All of the above.

Limited availability of reliable power supply is a constraint for industrial development in Bihar impacting production costs, operational efficiency, and attractiveness to investors.

  • Production costs: When factories do not have access to reliable power, they may have to shut down production or operate at reduced capacity. This can lead to increased production costs, as factories may have to pay overtime to workers who are called in to work during outages, or they may have to purchase expensive backup generators.
  • Operational efficiency: Reliable power is essential for efficient production. When factories experience power outages, they may have to shut down production lines, which can lead to lost productivity. Additionally, power outages can damage equipment and cause other disruptions to operations.
  • Attractiveness to investors: Investors are less likely to invest in factories that are located in areas with unreliable power supplies. This is because power outages can lead to production delays, lost revenue, and damage to equipment. Additionally, investors may be concerned about the financial stability of factories that are located in areas with unreliable power supplies.

In conclusion, limited availability of reliable power supply is a constraint for industrial development in Bihar impacting production costs, operational efficiency, and attractiveness to investors.