Limited availability of flat, arable land is a challenge for:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Flat, arable land is essential for large-scale agriculture, tourism infrastructure development, and industrial expansion. Without it, these activities would be significantly more difficult or impossible to carry out.

• Large-scale agriculture requires large areas of flat land to plant crops and raise livestock. If there is limited availability of flat land, it can be difficult to produce enough food to meet the needs of a growing population.
• Tourism infrastructure development often requires the construction of roads, hotels, and other facilities on flat land. If there is limited availability of flat land, it can be difficult to attract tourists to an area.
• Industrial expansion often requires the construction of factories and other facilities on flat land. If there is limited availability of flat land, it can be difficult to expand industries and create jobs.

In conclusion, limited availability of flat, arable land is a challenge for large-scale agriculture, tourism infrastructure development, and industrial expansion. This is because flat land is essential for these activities to take place.