Life expectancy at birth is a key indicator of the health dimension of the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and is published annually.
The health dimension of the HDI is measured by life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy is a measure of the average number of years that a person is expected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply. It is a key indicator of the health of a population and is influenced by a number of factors, including access to healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation.
The education dimension of the HDI is measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling. Mean years of schooling is the average number of years of schooling that a person has completed. Expected years of schooling is the number of years of schooling that a child is expected to complete if current education trends continue. Education is a key indicator of the level of human capital in a country and is influenced by a number of factors, including access to education, quality of education, and gender equality in education.
The income dimension of the HDI is measured by gross national income per capita (GNI per capita). GNI per capita is the total income earned by a country’s residents divided by the country’s population. It is a measure of the economic well-being of a country and is influenced by a number of factors, including the size of the economy, the distribution of income, and the level of economic growth.
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development and for tracking progress over time. It is also a useful tool for comparing the level of human development in different countries. However, the HDI has a number of limitations. One limitation is that it is a composite index and does not measure all aspects of human development. Another limitation is that it is based on averages and does not capture the distribution of well-being within a country.