Land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants were a significant issue in:

The correct answer is: Both Colonial Bihar and Independent Bihar.

Land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants were a significant issue in both Colonial Bihar and Independent Bihar. In Colonial Bihar, the British East India Company had established a system of land tenure that gave large landlords control over large tracts of land. This system led to widespread poverty and exploitation of the peasantry. After India gained independence in 1947, the new government attempted to reform the land tenure system, but these reforms were largely unsuccessful. As a result, land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants continued to be a major problem in Bihar.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Colonial Bihar: The British East India Company had established a system of land tenure that gave large landlords control over large tracts of land. This system led to widespread poverty and exploitation of the peasantry. Land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants were a significant issue in Colonial Bihar.
• Independent Bihar: After India gained independence in 1947, the new government attempted to reform the land tenure system, but these reforms were largely unsuccessful. As a result, land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants continued to be a major problem in Bihar.
• Both: Land disputes and tensions between landlords and peasants were a significant issue in both Colonial Bihar and Independent Bihar.