The correct answer is: D. Illumination.
Lambert’s law is a law of illumination that states that the intensity of light that is reflected from a surface is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal. This means that the light that is reflected from a surface is brightest when the incident light is perpendicular to the surface, and dimmest when the incident light is parallel to the surface.
Reflection is the bouncing of light off of a surface. When light hits a surface, some of the light is absorbed by the surface, some of the light is transmitted through the surface, and some of the light is reflected off of the surface. The amount of light that is reflected depends on the properties of the surface, such as its roughness and its reflectivity.
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. When light passes from one medium to another, it changes speed. This change in speed causes the light to bend. The amount of bending depends on the refractive indices of the two media.
Interference is the interaction of two or more waves of the same type. When two waves interfere, they can either add together to create a larger wave, or they can cancel each other out to create a smaller wave. The amount of interference depends on the phase difference between the two waves.
Illumination is the act of providing light to a surface. Illumination is measured in lumens. A lumen is a unit of light that measures the amount of light that is emitted from a source. The amount of illumination that is required for a given task depends on the task itself. For example, reading requires more illumination than watching television.