The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural development that began in the mid-20th century. It was characterized by the introduction of new, high-yielding crop varieties, the expansion of irrigation, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. These changes led to a significant increase in agricultural production, which helped to feed the growing population of the world.
The Green Revolution was first implemented in Punjab, India, in the 1960s. The region was chosen because it had a favorable climate and soil for agriculture, and because it had a large population of farmers who were willing to adopt new technologies. The Green Revolution was a success in Punjab, and it led to a significant increase in agricultural production.
The Green Revolution has been controversial, however. Some critics argue that it has led to environmental problems, such as the depletion of groundwater and the pollution of air and water. Others argue that it has benefited large farmers at the expense of small farmers. Despite these criticisms, the Green Revolution has had a significant impact on the world, and it has helped to improve the lives of millions of people.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- High-yielding crop varieties: These are varieties of crops that have been bred to produce more food per acre than traditional varieties. They were developed through a process of cross-breeding and selection. High-yielding crop varieties are one of the key components of the Green Revolution.
- Irrigation expansion: This is the process of increasing the amount of land that is irrigated. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to crops. It is necessary in many areas of the world because rainfall is not sufficient to support agriculture. Irrigation expansion was another key component of the Green Revolution.
- Use of fertilizers and pesticides: Fertilizers are chemicals that are used to improve the growth of crops. Pesticides are chemicals that are used to kill pests, such as insects and rodents. The use of fertilizers and pesticides has increased significantly since the Green Revolution. This is because these chemicals can help to increase crop yields.
I hope this helps!