The correct answer is (c) Nagaland.
Jhuming, also known as shifting cultivation, is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of land by cutting and burning the vegetation, then cultivate crops on the land for a few years before abandoning it and moving on to a new plot. This practice is often used in areas with steep slopes and poor soils, where it is difficult to maintain permanent agriculture.
Jhuming is a major cause of deforestation and soil erosion in many parts of the world. It can also lead to conflict between farmers and other land users, as well as to the displacement of indigenous peoples.
In Nagaland, jhuming is practiced by about 80% of the population. The practice is estimated to account for about 70% of deforestation in the state. Jhuming has also led to soil erosion, water pollution, and the loss of biodiversity.
The government of Nagaland has taken steps to address the problems associated with jhuming, such as by providing subsidies for farmers to switch to permanent agriculture. However, these efforts have had limited success.
Jhuming is a complex issue with no easy solutions. It is important to weigh the environmental and social costs of jhuming against the economic benefits that it provides to many people.