Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation) is a traditional agricultural practice of:

The correct answer is: a) Many tribal groups in Meghalaya.

Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation, is a traditional agricultural practice in which farmers clear a piece of land by cutting and burning the vegetation, then cultivate the land for a few years before abandoning it and moving on to a new plot. This practice is common in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America.

In Meghalaya, jhum cultivation is practiced by many tribal groups, including the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia peoples. The practice is a way of life for these peoples, and it has been passed down from generation to generation.

Jhum cultivation has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, it is a sustainable way of farming that does not require the use of chemicals or machinery. It also helps to prevent soil erosion and maintain biodiversity. However, jhum cultivation can also lead to deforestation, soil degradation, and water pollution.

In recent years, there has been a growing debate about the future of jhum cultivation in Meghalaya. Some people believe that the practice should be banned, while others argue that it should be regulated and sustainable practices should be promoted. The government of Meghalaya is currently considering a ban on jhum cultivation, but it is not clear what the final decision will be.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Option a: Many tribal groups in Meghalaya. This is the correct answer. Jhum cultivation is practiced by many tribal groups in Meghalaya, including the Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia peoples.
• Option b: Primarily the Khasi people. This is not the correct answer. Jhum cultivation is practiced by many tribal groups in Meghalaya, not just the Khasi people.
• Option c: Primarily the Garo people. This is not the correct answer. Jhum cultivation is practiced by many tribal groups in Meghalaya, not just the Garo people.
• Option d: Primarily the Jaintia people. This is not the correct answer. Jhum cultivation is practiced by many tribal groups in Meghalaya, not just the Jaintia people.