The correct answer is: b) Shifting cultivation and crop rotation.
Jhum cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is a traditional farming practice that involves clearing a piece of land by cutting down trees and burning the vegetation. The land is then cultivated for a few years before being abandoned and allowed to regenerate. This process is repeated in a different location each time, hence the name “shifting cultivation.”
Crop rotation is a system of farming in which different types of crops are grown in the same field in a planned sequence. This helps to prevent soil depletion and improve crop yields.
High yields and intensive inputs are not characteristic of jhum cultivation. In fact, jhum cultivation is often associated with low yields and low levels of inputs.
Monoculture and heavy mechanization are also not characteristic of jhum cultivation. Jhum cultivation is typically a labor-intensive practice that involves the use of simple tools.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: b) Shifting cultivation and crop rotation.