The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Intensive agriculture and excessive use of fertilizers can lead to soil erosion, soil degradation, and soil salinization.
Soil erosion is the process of soil being removed from the land by wind or water. It can be caused by natural processes, such as rainfall and wind, or by human activities, such as deforestation and agriculture. Soil erosion can lead to a loss of topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil. It can also lead to a loss of nutrients and organic matter, which are essential for plant growth.
Soil degradation is the decline in the quality of soil. It can be caused by a number of factors, including soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and salinization. Soil degradation can make it difficult to grow crops and can also lead to a loss of biodiversity.
Soil salinization is the accumulation of salt in the soil. It can be caused by natural processes, such as evaporation and rainfall, or by human activities, such as irrigation. Soil salinization can make it difficult to grow crops and can also lead to a loss of biodiversity.
Intensive agriculture and excessive use of fertilizers can also lead to a number of other problems, such as water pollution, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.