The correct answer is: E. sensitivity analysis.
Sensitivity analysis is a technique that is used to determine how changes in one or more input variables affect an output variable. It is often used in financial modeling to assess the risk of a project or investment.
Electronic spreadsheets, artificial intelligence, and time-series analysis are all tools that can be used to generate information about the probability distribution of a profit rate. However, sensitivity analysis is the only tool that can be used to assess the risk of a project or investment.
Management science techniques are a broad category of tools that can be used to solve problems in a variety of fields, including finance, marketing, and operations. While some management science techniques can be used to generate information about the probability distribution of a profit rate, they are not specifically designed for this purpose.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: E. sensitivity analysis.