The correct answer is D. Strategic sale.
A strategic sale is the sale of a controlling interest in a company to a strategic investor. This type of privatization is often used when the government wants to sell a company to a buyer who can provide the necessary investment and expertise to improve the company’s performance.
Management-employee buyout (MEBO) is a type of privatization in which the management and employees of a company buy the company from the government. This type of privatization is often used when the government wants to sell a company to its employees, who are seen as having a vested interest in the company’s success.
Spontaneous privatization is a type of privatization that occurs when a government-owned company is sold to a private buyer without any government involvement. This type of privatization is often seen as a form of corruption, as it allows government officials to sell state assets at below-market prices to their friends and allies.
Cross holdings is a type of privatization in which the government sells a controlling interest in a company to another company that is already owned by the government. This type of privatization is often used when the government wants to sell a company to another government-owned company, as it allows the government to maintain control over the company.
In recent decades, the Government of India has adopted a number of different routes to privatization. However, the most popular route has been the strategic sale. This is because strategic sales have been seen as the most effective way to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises and to raise revenue for the government.