In which one of the following trophic structures of ecosystems, both f

In which one of the following trophic structures of ecosystems, both fungi and bacteria occur?

Decomposer

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Food web

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2023

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The correct answer is (A) Decomposer.

Decomposers are organisms, primarily bacteria and fungi, that break down dead organic matter (detritus) from all trophic levels (producers, consumers) into simpler inorganic substances. This process is essential for nutrient cycling within an ecosystem.

Autotrophs are producers (like plants) that create their own food. Heterotrophs are consumers that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms. While decomposers are a type of heterotroph, the trophic structure where fungi and bacteria play a defining role is the decomposer level or compartment. A food web illustrates the feeding relationships but is not a trophic structure itself.

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